![]() stop your immune system working – this reduces the risk of the transplant being rejectedĪs part of the conditioning treatment, you'll be given a range of medicines, so a tube called a central line will usually be inserted into a large vein near your heart.destroy existing bone marrow cells – to make room for the transplanted tissue.Treatment with high doses of chemotherapy and sometimes radiotherapy will be needed before the stem cells can be transplanted. However, the area where the needle is inserted may be painful afterwards and you'll have marks on your skin where it was inserted (usually one on each side). This is done under a general anaesthetic, so you'll be asleep and will not feel any pain while it's carried out. The needle may need to be inserted into several parts of your hip to ensure enough bone marrow is obtained. ![]() Removing a bone marrow sampleĪn alternative method of collecting stem cells is to remove around a litre of bone marrow from your hip bone using a needle and syringe. It takes around 3 to 4 hours and may need to be repeated the next day if not enough cells are removed the first time. This procedure is not painful and is done while you're awake. Blood is removed from one arm and passed through a filter, before being returned to the body through the other arm. If there are enough cells, veins in each arm will be connected by tubes to a cell separator machine. On the 5th day, a blood test will be carried out to check there are enough circulating stem cells. To boost the number of stem cells in the blood, medicine that stimulates their production will be given for about 4 days beforehand. The most common way to harvest stem cells involves temporarily removing blood from the body, separating out the stem cells, and then returning the blood to the body. ![]() If this is not possible, stem cells from a donor's blood or bone marrow will usually be used. It may be possible to remove stem cells from your own blood or bone marrow and transplant them later after any damaged or cancerous cells have been removed. from cord blood – where donated blood from the placenta and umbilical cord of a newborn baby is used as the source of stem cells ( find out more about cord blood on the NHS Blood and Transplant website).from bone marrow – where a procedure is carried out to remove a sample of bone marrow from the hip bone.from blood – where the stem cells are removed from the blood using a special machine.There are 3 main ways stem cells can be harvested. Harvesting stem cellsĪfter you've had tests to check your general health, the stem cells that will be used for the transplant need to be removed and stored. It can show whether your cancer is under control (in remission) and whether there's a high risk of it returning after your transplant. This is where a small sample of cancerous cells is removed and analysed. If you have cancer, you may also need to have a biopsy. a coronavirus (COVID-19) test – both you and your donor may be tested for COVID-19 and if either test is positive the transplant may be delayed.blood tests to check the level of blood cells and assess how well the liver and kidneys are working.an X-ray and/or computerised tomography (CT) scan to check the condition of organs such as the lungs and liver.an echocardiogram – a scan used to look at the heart and nearby blood vessels.an electrocardiogram (ECG) – a simple test used to check your heart's rhythm and electrical activity.Transplants tend to be more successful in people who are in good general health, despite their underlying condition. Recovery – you'll need to stay in hospital for at least a few weeks until the transplant starts to take effect.īefore a stem cell transplant can be carried out, you'll need a series of tests and examinations to ensure you're healthy enough for the procedure to be carried out.Conditioning – treatment to prepare your body for the transplant.Harvesting – the process of collecting the stem cells to be used in the transplant, either from you or a donor.Tests and examinations – to assess your general level of health.A stem cell or bone marrow transplant is a long and complicated process that involves 5 main stages.
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